Climate Change in Indonesia: Rising Seas and Silent Droughts

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17 Jun 2025 11:05
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Climate change in Indonesia is no longer a distant threat—it is a daily reality. As the world’s largest archipelago, Indonesia sits at the epicenter of the Ring of Fire climate impact, where tectonic shifts meet rising seas and shifting monsoons. In 2025, the signs are no longer subtle. They are loud, painful, and deeply personal.

🌊 Manado: The Sea That No Longer Feeds

In Manado, North Sulawesi, the fishermen climate impact is devastating. At the Tumpumpa Fish Port, over 3,150 tons of fish were lost in a single month due to extreme weather. More than 300 pajeko boats were forced to dock as waves reached 2–3 meters. Normally, each boat brings in 15–22 tons of fish per week. Now, they return with barely 4–7 tons—if they sail at all.
The economic ripple is severe. Fish prices have surged, and many families are now seeking odd jobs to survive.

☀️ Kupang: The Rain That Forgot to Fall

In Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), the drought in East Nusa Tenggara has parched rice fields and dried up springs. According to C4Ledger, precipitation has dropped to historic lows, threatening food security and pushing families into deeper poverty.
Farmers, breeders, and coastal communities are all affected. Some have lost their livelihoods entirely.

📈 Sea Level Rise and a Nation on the Brink
The BMKG Climate Outlook 2025 reports a 1.2°C rise in average temperature since 1981, with sea level rise in Indonesia reaching 6–8 mm per year. Jakarta is sinking by up to 10 cm annually, prompting the relocation of the capital to East Kalimantan.
A 2025 IMF Technical Report confirms that Indonesia’s climate data systems are robust but require urgent integration into national policy.

🌱 Mangrove Restoration and Community-Led Adaptation
In Central Java’s Bedono village, a group of women known as the Ibu-Ibu Mangrove have planted over 150,000 mangrove saplings since 2010. Their work has slowed erosion, restored fish habitats, and created eco-tourism jobs. A 2023 study by LIPI found that mangrove restoration in Java can reduce wave energy by up to 75%.
This is a prime example of community-led climate adaptation that blends local wisdom with ecological science.

🏙️ Urban Innovation and Indigenous Knowledge

Cities like Makassar and Kupang are launching floating schools and climate adaptation Indonesia plans. In Papua, indigenous communities are using drone mapping to protect ancestral forests. In Kalimantan, Dayak youth are building solar-powered irrigation to combat drought.
A 2025 review by Universitas Gadjah Mada and BRIN confirms that drought frequency has increased by 60%, especially in Java and NTT. Meanwhile, floods have intensified by 25% in Sulawesi and Papua.

⚖️ Climate Justice and the Global South
Despite contributing less than 2% of global emissions, Indonesia ranks among the top 10 most climate-vulnerable nations, according to the Notre Dame GAIN Index. At COP30 in Brazil, Indonesia will push for a fully operational Loss and Damage Fund, first agreed upon at COP27.
This is the voice of the climate justice Global South—a call for equity in a warming world.

🌍 Why the World Should Watch

Indonesia is not just a victim of the climate crisis in Southeast Asia—it is a laboratory of adaptation. From the sinking docks of Manado to the cracked earth of Kupang, the message is clear: the crisis is here, and it is uneven.
But so is the response. And that response deserves to be seen, heard, and supported.
Because the Ring of Fire is burning. And Indonesia is rising.

Sources: Climate Change in Indonesia

[1] LIPI Coastal Resilience Study 2023
[2] BMKG Climate Outlook 2025
[3] IMF Technical Assistance Report 2025
[4] Radio Digital Manado – Fishermen Lose 3,150 Tons of Fish
[5] Notre Dame GAIN Index
[6] Voices for Just Climate Action – Kupang Drought
[7] EGU Copernicus Review Article 2025

Candi Borobudur, Situs Warisan Dunia Kebanggaan Indonesia

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